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【终极转载】美国计算机历史博物馆展览-内存和存储之17第一个磁盘驱动器:RAMAC 350





RAMAC actuator and disk stack

This is the heart of the world’s first disk drive. It has 50 24” disks spinning at 1,200 RPM holding 5 million characters (about 3.75 MB) of information.

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RAMAC执行器和磁盘堆栈

这是世界上第一个磁盘驱动器的核心。它有50个24英寸磁盘,以1200转速旋转,可容纳500万个字符(约3.75 MB)的信息。


 The First Disk Drive: RAMAC 350

Computers hold thousands of data records. Imagine if finding the one you wanted required starting with the first, then going through them in order.

High speed, random access memory—plucking information from storage without plodding through sequentially—is essential to the way we use computers today. IBM’s RAMAC (Random Access Method of Accounting and Control) magnetic disk drive pioneered this ability.

The RAMAC 350 storage unit could hold the equivalent of 62,500 punched cards: 5 million characters (about 3.75 MB).

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第一个磁盘驱动器:RAMAC 350

计算机拥有数千条数据记录。想象一下,如果从第一个开始找到你想要的那个,那么按顺序浏览它们。

高速,随机存取存储器 - 从存储中提取信息而不会顺序通过 - 对于我们今天使用计算机的方式至关重要。IBM的RAMAC(会计和控制的随机访问方法)磁盘驱动器开创了这种能力。

RAMAC 350存储单元可容纳相当于62,500张打孔卡:500万个字符(约3.75 MB)。


  

RAMAC team leaders

Left-to-right: R. Manning Hermes, William Goddard, Rey Johnson, Louis Stevens, Arthur Critchlow, and John Haanstra.

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RAMAC团队领导

从左到右:R。Manning Hermes,William Goddard,Rey Johnson,Louis Stevens,Arthur Critchlow和John Haanstra。


视频链接:https://www.acfun.cn/v/ac10511677

Albert Hoagland: RAMAC Innovation and Legacy

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Albert Hoagland:RAMAC创新与遗产


Why: The Need

Computers were victims of their own success. As businesses came to rely on them, it became increasingly cumbersome to process towering stacks of punched cards or read data sequentially from magnetic tapes.

IBM recognized the need—and business opportunity—for a storage device that swiftly accessed data in any order. Its RAMAC magnetic disk drive, much faster than any previous technology, unleashed computers’ processing speed by providing inexpensive, fast, large capacity storage.

This first disk drive begat an entire industry that has been fundamental to the computer’s success.

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为什么:需要

计算机是他们自己成功的牺牲品。随着企业开始依赖它们,处理高耸的穿孔卡堆栈或从磁带顺序读取数据变得越来越麻烦。

IBM认识到存储设备的需求和商机,可以快速访问任何顺序的数据。其RAMAC磁盘驱动器比以往任何技术都快得多,通过提供廉价,快速,大容量的存储,释放了计算机的处理速度。

这第一个磁盘驱动器使整个行业成为计算机成功的基础。



F. J. Wesley

IBM Senior manager promoting RAMAC project, 1954

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FJ Wesley

IBM高级经理,1954年推广RAMAC项目


Who Created RAMAC?

A high school science teacher in Michigan invented a machine in the 1930s to score standardized tests by sensing pencil marks. IBM acquired the rights to Rey Johnson’s machine. It also acquired Rey Johnson, hiring him as an engineer.

Johnson, who led the RAMAC development team, was known for nurturing a spirit of teamwork, and for drawing on talented individuals from varied backgrounds. He himself had little formal engineering training, yet nonetheless earned more than 90 patents.

In 1986, President Ronald Reagan awarded Johnson the National Medal of Technology.

 Laying the Groundwork

Like most inventions, RAMAC built on a foundation of earlier ideas. One inspiration for IBM’s team was a disk drive concept described in 1952 by Jacob Rabinow at the National Bureau of Standards. Rabinow patented but never produced his design.

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谁创建了RAMAC?

密歇根州的一名高中科学老师在20世纪30年代发明了一种机器,通过检测铅笔标记来评估标准化测试。IBM获得了Rey Johnson的机器的权利。它还收购了Rey Johnson,聘请他担任工程师。

领导RAMAC开发团队的约翰逊以培养团队精神和吸引不同背景的人才而闻名。他本人没有接受过正式的工程培训,但仍然获得了90多项专利。

1986年,罗纳德·里根总统授予约翰逊国家技术奖章。

 奠定基础

像大多数发明一样,RAMAC建立在早期想法的基础之上。IBM团队的一个灵感来自于国家标准局的Jacob Rabinow于1952年描述的磁盘驱动器概念。Rabinow获得专利但从未制作过他的设计。



Rey Johnson in front of RAMAC

In addition to his work on disk drives, Johnson collaborated with Sony on videotape. After retirement, he developed the “Talk to Me Books” technology for Fisher Price.

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雷伊约翰逊在RAMAC面前

除了他在磁盘驱动器方面的工作,Johnson还与索尼合作录制了录像带。退休后,他为Fisher Price开发了“Talk to Me Books”技术。






Test-scoring machine prototype

IBM hired Rey Johnson in 1934 because he invented a test-scoring machine for schools, which IBM later developed as a product. Johnson established IBM’s San Jose, CA laboratory in 1952 and was charged with bringing west coast engineering talent into IBM.

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测试评分机原型

IBM于1934年聘请了Rey Johnson,因为他为学校发明了一种测试评分机,后来IBM将其作为产品开发出来。约翰逊于1952年在加利福尼亚州圣何塞建立了IBM实验室,负责将西海岸工程人才引入IBM。



Rabinow notched disk prototype

This is an original prototype of Jacob Rabinow’s notched disk. The notches provide space for heads to move to the correct disk.

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Rabinow缺口磁盘原型

这是Jacob Rabinow的缺口磁盘的原始原型。凹口为磁头移动到正确的磁盘提供了空间。



Rabinow disk patent

Russian-born Jacob Rabinow earned 230 patents in a long career with the National Bureau of Standards.

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Rabinow磁盘专利

出生于俄罗斯的Jacob Rabinow在国家标准局的长期职业生涯中获得了230项专利。


Punched card tub file

Office clerks pull punched cards from a motorized “tub file.” Eliminating the cumbersome tub file was a goal of RAMAC, the world’s first disk drive.

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穿孔卡桶文件

办公室职员从电动“浴缸文件”中拉出穿孔卡片。消除繁琐的浴缸文件是RAMAC的目标,RAMAC是世界上第一个磁盘驱动器。

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