【终极转载】美国计算机历史博物馆展览-超级计算机之2超级计算的根源
Newsweek magazine cover showing U.S. concern over Sputnik
Sputnik was the impetus for American funding of improved science and engineering education and support for supercomputer projects.
有道翻译
新闻周刊杂志封面显示美国对人造卫星的关注
Sputnik是美国资助改进科学和工程教育以及支持超级计算机项目的动力。
The Roots of Supercomputing
Every generation of computer engineers create machines that outperform their predecessors. During the Cold War, this competitive spirit shifted into high gear, fueled by the arms race…and government research money.
Since a supercomputer is, by definition, the fastest and most expensive computer available, the market is limited. Supercomputer builders—and buyers—remained an exclusive club, at least until the 1990s.
有道翻译
超级计算的根源
每一代计算机工程师都创造出超越其前辈的机器。在冷战期间，这种竞争精神在军备竞赛和政府研究资金的推动下转为高速发展。
由于超级计算机根据定义是最快且最昂贵的计算机，因此市场有限。超级计算机制造商和买家仍然是一个独家俱乐部，至少到20世纪90年代。
U.S. atom bomb explosion
Supercomputers can be used to eliminate the building and testing phases of bomb design.
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美国原子弹爆炸
超级计算机可用于消除炸弹设计的构建和测试阶段。
Typical Civil Defense sign
Fears of a Soviet nuclear attack affected people from all walks of life.
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典型的民防标志
对苏联核袭击的恐惧影响了各界人士。
BESM-6 supercomputer
This large Soviet-designed computer system was introduced in 1968 and remained in use for over twenty years. Over 350 were built.
有道翻译
BESM-6超级计算机
苏联设计的大型计算机系统于1968年推出，至今已使用了20多年。超过350人建成。
Who Needs a Supercomputer?
Supercomputers are the sports cars of the technology world: fast, glamorous and expensive. But unlike sports cars, they’re not luxuries—they’re practical tools.
Who has bought them, and for what? Users include:
• The National Security Agency to decipher secret codes
• Mercedes Benz to simulate car crashes
• The National Weather Service to predict hurricanes
• Boeing to simulate airplane structures
• Merck to formulate medicines by analyzing chemical interactions
• The Atomic Energy Commission to design nuclear bombs
• The Italian police to examine crime scene videos
• The Stanford Linear Accelerator Center to analyze data from experiments
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谁需要超级计算机？
超级计算机是技术世界的跑车：快速，迷人和昂贵。但与跑车不同，它们不是奢侈品 - 它们是实用的工具。
谁买了它们，为了什么？用户包括：
•国家安全局破译密码
•梅赛德斯奔驰模拟汽车碰撞
•国家气象局预测飓风
•波音公司模拟飞机结构
•默克公司通过分析化学相互作用来制定药物
•原子能委员会设计核弹
•意大利警方审查犯罪现场视频
•斯坦福线性加速器中心分析实验数据
Cray X-MP/4 supercomputer
The X-MP, designed by Steve Chen, improved on the Cray-1 by using multiple central processors. It was used to simulate the evolution of the universe, to model geological plate movement, to analyze brain scans of Alzheimer’s patients and much more.
有道翻译
Cray X-MP / 4超级计算机
由Steve Chen设计的X-MP通过使用多个中央处理器改进了Cray-1。它被用来模拟宇宙的演化，模拟地质板块运动，分析阿尔茨海默病患者的脑部扫描等等。
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