【终极转载】美国计算机历史博物馆展览-超级计算机之7CDC 6600的五年统治
CDC 6600 installation
The 6600 had 400,000 transistors and more than 100 miles of wiring. In addition to a blazingly fast floating-point processor, it had 10 “peripheral processors” that did housekeeping and input/output tasks at the same time.
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CDC 6600安装
6600具有400,000个晶体管和超过100英里的布线。除了速度极快的浮点处理器之外，它还拥有10个“外围处理器”，可以同时执行内务处理和输入/输出任务。
CDC 6600's Five year Reign
The CDC 6600 toppled speed records in 1964. Control Data sold about 100 of them, penetrating markets beyond the usual government and military customers.
The 6600 executed a dizzying 3,000,000 instructions per second. Designed by supercomputer pioneer Seymour Cray, it wasn’t surpassed until the CDC 7600 in 1969—another Cray design.
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CDC 6600的五年统治
CDC 6600在1964年推翻了速度记录。控制数据销售了大约100个，超越了通常的政府和军事客户。
6600每秒执行令人目不暇接的3,000,000条指令。由超级计算机先驱Seymour Cray设计，直到1969年的另一个Cray设计的CDC 7600才被超越。
CDC 6600 cordwood module
Before integrated circuits, "cordwood" modules let engineers pack components into small spaces, increasing speed by keeping wires shorter. Seymour Cray's early computers all used this construction. In the 6600, metal plates in contact with circulating Freon™ cooled the cordwood modules.
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CDC 6600 cordwood模块
在集成电路之前，“cordwood”模块允许工程师将元件封装在狭小的空间内，通过缩短电线来提高速度。Seymour Cray的早期计算机都采用了这种结构。在6600中，与循环氟利昂接触的金属板冷却了cordwood模块。
CDC 6600 operator console and quadrant
Seymour Cray's CDC 6600 design was innovative and elegant. Almost 10 times faster than any computer ever devised, it stunned the computing community. Customers wrote their own applications, from simulating explosions to timesharing, weather forecasting, and much more.
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CDC 6600操作员控制台和象限
Seymour Cray的CDC 6600设计创新而优雅。它比任何设计的计算机快了近10倍，它震惊了计算社区。客户编写了自己的应用程序，从模拟爆炸到分时，天气预报等等。
Battling to Be Fastest: CDC vs. IBM
Stronger. Faster. Better. Supercomputers are all about beating the competition. This race to be swiftest sparked a fierce rivalry between established giant IBM and “upstart” Control Data.
When Cray’s CDC 6600 streaked ahead in 1964, IBM chief Tom Watson, Jr. was furious. IBM quickly pre-announced faster models of its System/360 computers, drying up CDC’s sales.
But IBM never actually shipped its “6600 killer,” and CDC president William Norris responded with an antitrust suit. Four years later IBM settled, giving CDC cash and ownership of a computer services company, together worth over $600M.
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争夺最快：CDC与IBM
更强。快点。更好。超级计算机都是为了击败竞争对手。这场比赛最为激烈，引发了已建立的巨头IBM和“新贵”控制数据之间的激烈竞争。
当Cray的CDC 6600在1964年崭露头角时，IBM首席执行官Tom Watson，Jr。非常愤怒。IBM迅速预先公布了其System / 360计算机的更快型号，使CDC的销售枯竭。
但IBM从未真正发售过它的“6600杀手”，CDC总裁威廉·诺里斯以反垄断诉讼作出回应。四年后，IBM落户，给予CDC现金和一家计算机服务公司的所有权，价值超过6亿美元。
Watson Jr. memo about CDC 6600
Watson penned this scathing memo asking how IBM lost “our industry leadership” to a company with “34 people, including the janitor.” Also known as "The Janitor Memo," it shows the impact Control Data Corporation and its computers had on the leadership of IBM.
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关于CDC 6600的Watson Jr.备忘录
Watson写了这篇严厉的备忘录，询问IBM如何失去“我们的行业领导地位”给一家拥有“34人，包括看门人”的公司。也称为“The Janitor Memo”，它显示了Control Data Corporation及其计算机对领导力的影响IBM
IBM President Tom Watson, Jr.
Watson penned a scathing memo in 1963 asking how IBM lost "our industry leadership" to a company with "34 people, including the janitor."
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IBM总裁Tom Watson，Jr。
沃森在1963年撰写了一份严厉的备忘录，询问IBM如何失去“我们的行业领导地位”给一家拥有“34人，包括看门人”的公司。
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