【终极转载】美国计算机历史博物馆展览-超级计算机之8超级计算之父
Seymour Cray in a meeting
Cray usually worked alone or with a small team. He wanted to focus on the engineering tasks and remain insulated from company bureaucracy. Several times, when the company encroached too much, he moved his engineering team to a new location.
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西摩克雷在一次会议上
克雷通常独自工作或与小团队一起工作。他希望专注于工程任务，并与公司官僚机构保持隔离。有几次，当公司侵入太多时，他将他的工程团队搬到了一个新的地方。
The Father of Supercomputing
“One of my guiding principles” observed Seymour Cray, “is, ‘don’t do anything that other people are doing.’”
Cray was a brilliant, soft-spoken computer designer who made a career of building the world’s fastest computers, time and again. He preferred working in small teams, undisturbed by managers. Or better still, working alone at night, free from interruptions.
Cray’s quirky work habits were matched by his unusual diversions, which included digging tunnels under his house and, once, burning a boat he had built because he’d built a new one.
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超级计算之父
“我的指导原则之一”观察到Seymour Cray，“是，'不做其他人正在做的事。'”
Cray是一位才华横溢，说话温和的计算机设计师，他一次又一次地创造了世界上最快的计算机。他更喜欢在小团队中工作，不受经理干扰。或者更好的是，晚上独自工作，不受干扰。
克雷的古怪工作习惯与他不同寻常的转移相匹配，其中包括挖掘他家下面的隧道，并且曾经燃烧过他建造的一条船，因为他建造了一条新船。
视频链接：https://www.acfun.cn/v/ac10700179
Seymour Cray: The Challenge of Supercomputer Design
This presentation, originally titled "What's all this about Gallium Arsenide?" was given by Seymour Cray at Supercomputing '88 in Orlando, Florida.
Chapter Menu
1. The Challenge of Design
2. Simple Computers
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Seymour Cray：超级计算机设计的挑战
这个演讲最初标题为“砷化镓的一切都是什么？” 由Seymour Cray在佛罗里达州奥兰多的Supercomputing '88颁发。
章节菜单
1.设计的挑战
2.简单的计算机
视频链接：https://www.acfun.cn/v/ac10700181
Gary Smaby: Cray and the Cold War
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加里斯马比：克雷和冷战
Employees assembling a Cray backplane
The wires were all installed by hand and cut to precise lengths to achieve a particular signal delay.
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员工组装Cray背板
电线全部用手安装并切割成精确的长度以实现特定的信号延迟。
The Building-Block Principle
Creating big structures out of smaller, modular elements is familiar to every kid who ever played with blocks. But in a computer, using many small circuit cards increases the number of connectors, which can affect reliability.
In 1958, supercomputer pioneer Seymour Cray experimented with the “Little Character,” a 6-bit prototype for the modular packaging and logic approach he envisioned for CDC’s first computers.
The results were encouraging, and Control Data adopted those techniques in the successful 48-bit CDC 1604 in 1959. A year later, it produced a smaller 12-bit version called the 160A.
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构建块原则
每个玩过积木的孩子都熟悉用较小的模块化元素创建大型结构。但在计算机中，使用许多小型电路卡会增加连接器的数量，从而影响可靠性。
1958年，超级计算机先驱Seymour Cray尝试了“小角色”，这是他为CDC的第一台计算机设想的模块化封装和逻辑方法的6位原型。
结果令人鼓舞，Control Data在1959年成功的48位CDC 1604中采用了这些技术。一年后，它产生了一个较小的12位版本，称为160A。
Control Data Corporation, “Little Character” prototype
The fledgling CDC wasn’t sure what products to make; they even considered electronic cash registers. When Seymour Cray joined, he built this prototype to show that they could craft reliable, high-performance computers using only a few kinds of transistorized circuit boards.
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Control Data Corporation，“Little Character”原型
初出茅庐的疾控中心不确定要生产什么产品; 他们甚至考虑过电子收银机。当Seymour Cray加入时，他构建了这个原型，表明他们可以使用几种晶体管电路板制作可靠，高性能的计算机。
Typical CDC 1604 installation
Control Data’s first scientific computer—one of the first built with transistors—was used for weather forecasting, real-time process control and general scientific calculations. But its first customer was the U.S. Navy, which used it to control fleet operations.
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典型的CDC 1604安装
Control Data的第一台科学计算机 - 首批使用晶体管构建的计算机 - 用于天气预报，实时过程控制和一般科学计算。但它的第一个客户是美国海军，它用它来控制舰队的运营。
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